Transportation as a loosely coupled system: a fundamental challenge for sustainable freight transportation

In view of the pressing need to reduce negative environmental impact freight transportation we argue that it is essential take account organization system when considering how address various individual activities and parts system. To support a transition more sustainable this paper examines way in which different interact can scope for profound change. Taking loosely coupled systems (Weick, 1976) as starting point, scrutinize couplings within between three layers system: supply chain layer, infrastructure layer. addition, two interfaces connecting these layers: market services, traffic using infrastructure. We find tight dominate depend on loose layer interfaces. The pattern identified explain several positive outcomes, such flexibility efficiency. But there are also major aspects nature create resistance change present barrier drive increased sustainability. concludes features have important implications policies aiming ways lead significant reduction reliance oil.